France Hugging Face (Delangue, Chaumond, Wolf) — transformers, datasets, Hub, PEFT, TRL, TGI. Mistral (Mensch, Lample) — Mixtral / Apache weights. United States OpenAI GPT-2 as the first mass clone target · Karpathy micrograd/nanoGPT/llm.c (μgrad’s upstream) · Meta FAIR PyTorch + LLaMA/NLLB · Google Attention Is All You Need + T5/Gemma · Stanford HELM · Eleuther / Together / Mosaic · AI2 OLMo · xAI as the default ugrad desk chat. UK DeepMind (Hassabis) · Stability’s early open-weight culture. Canada Mila / Bengio · Vector / Hinton lineage — the textbooks HF packaged. China Qwen (our offline qwen3:8b) · DeepSeek · THUDM/GLM · Yi / Baichuan / BAAI. Germany / CH LAION · Aleph Alpha · EPFL/ETH. UAE TII Falcon · G42 Jais (AR stair portal). Israel AI21. Korea HyperCLOVA · EXAONE · Upstage Solar. Japan rinna · Sakana · PFN. SEA / India SeaLLMs · AI4Bharat · Sarvam — Indic packs on the stair.